Ukusetyenziswa kunye nesimo sezixhobo zedayimani.

Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, ilitye lendalo (igranite, ibhastile), ijeyidi, ilitye elenziweyo lomgangatho ophezulu (ilitye le-microcrystalline), iiseramikhi, iglasi, kunye neemveliso zesamente zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizindlu kunye nezakhiwo. Umhlobiso wezinto usetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemihlobiso eyahlukeneyo, kwiimfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye nokwakhiwa kweendlela kunye namabhuloho.

Ukucutshungulwa kwezi zixhobo kufuna izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zedayimane.

Izixhobo zedayimani eziveliswe eJamani, eItali, eJapan, naseSouth Korea zineentlobo ezininzi, umgangatho ophezulu kunye namaxabiso aphezulu. Iimveliso zabo ziphantse zithathe indawo eninzi yokuthengisa ilitye eliphezulu.

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo okanye kunjalo, iinkampani zaseTshayina ezivelisa izixhobo zedayimani ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwembono yenani leenkampani, kukho phantse iwaka leenkampani ezivelisa izixhobo zedayimani, ezinengeniso yeentengiso zonyaka ezidlula amashumi eebhiliyoni. Kukho phantse i-100 abenzi bezixhobo zedayimani kwiSixeko saseDanyang kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, iSixeko saseShijiazhuang kwiPhondo laseHebei, iSixeko sase-Ezhou kwiPhondo laseHubei, iSixeko saseShuitou kwisiXeko saseQuanzhou kwiPhondo laseFujian, iSixeko saseYunfu kwiPhondo laseGuangdong kunye nePhondo laseShandong. Kukho amashishini amaninzi kunye namakhulu avelisa izixhobo zedayimani e-China, engenakulinganiswa nalo naliphi na ilizwe emhlabeni, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yisiseko sokubonelela ngezixhobo zedayimani zehlabathi. Iintlobo ezithile zezixhobo zedayimani e-China nazo zinezinga eliphezulu lomgangatho, kwaye ezinye iimpawu ezidumileyo zezixhobo zedayimani phesheya nazo ziye zayalela iinkampani zaseTshayina ukuba zivelise. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweemveliso eziveliswa ziinkampani ezininzi zikumgangatho ophantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona i-China ithumela ngaphandle inani elikhulu lezixhobo zedayimane, ezininzi zazo ziyimveliso ephantsi kwaye zibizwa ngokuba "yinkunkuma". Nangona iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu umgangatho wazo udibana okanye udlula iimveliso ezifanayo zangaphandle, ngenxa yokuba zenziwe eChina, azikwazi ukuthengisa ngexabiso elihle, elichaphazela kakhulu umfanekiso weChina. Yintoni unobangela wale meko? Ngamafutshane, kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili.

Elinye linqanaba eliphantsi leteknoloji. Uphuhliso lweteknoloji yokuvelisa izixhobo zedayimani zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Inqanaba lokuqala kukusebenzisa umgubo osisiseko njengematrix kwaye wongeze iidayimani ukwenza izixhobo zedayimani ngenkqubo yokuxuba ngoomatshini. Le nkqubo ithambekele ekucaluleni amacandelo; ubushushu obuphezulu be-sintering bunokubangela ngokulula i-diamond graphitization kunye nokunciphisa amandla edayimani. Ekubeni izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-carcass zidibaniswe ngoomatshini, azixutywanga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye isidumbu sinempembelelo embi kwiidayimane, okwenza kube nzima ukuvelisa iimveliso eziphezulu. Inqanaba lesibini kukusetyenziswa komgubo owenziwe ngaphambili njenge-matrix kunye nenkqubo yokuxuba idayimani ukwenza izixhobo zedayimane. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ze-matrix zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubushushu be-sintering buphantsi, le nkqubo ayiyi kunciphisa amandla edayimani, igweme ulwahlulo lwamacandelo, ivelise umphumo omuhle we-encasement kwidayimani, kwaye yenza ukuba umsebenzi wedayimani udlale kakuhle. Izixhobo zedayimani eziveliswe ngokusebenzisa umgubo owenziwe ngaphambili njengoko i-matrix ineempawu zokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa kancinci, kwaye inokuvelisa izixhobo zedayimani ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Inqanaba lesithathu kukusetyenziswa komgubo owenziwe ngaphambili njenge-matrix, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okucwangcisiweyo (i-multi-layer, i-diamond esasazwe ngokufanayo) iteknoloji yeedayimani. Le teknoloji iqulethe iingenelo zobugcisa zomgubo owenziwe ngaphambili, kwaye ulungelelanisa iidayimani ngendlela elungeleleneyo, ukwenzela ukuba idayimani nganye isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yoyise isiphene sokuba ukusasazwa kokungalingani kwedayimani okubangelwa yinkqubo yokuxuba ngomatshini kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kokusika. , Ngaba iteknoloji yakutshanje ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo zedayimani kwihlabathi namhlanje. Thatha ngokuqhelekileyo ?350mm idayimane yokusika i-blade njengomzekelo, ukusika kwe-teknoloji yesigaba sokuqala yi-2.0m (100%), ukucutshungulwa kwe-teknoloji yesigaba sesibini yi-3.6m (yandiswe ukuya kwi-180%), kunye nenqanaba lesithathu Ukusika kwe-teknoloji yi-5.5m (yandiswe kwi-275%). Phakathi kweenkampani ezivelisa izixhobo zedayimani ngoku eTshayina, i-90% isasebenzisa ubuxhakaxhaka benqanaba lokuqala, ngaphantsi kwe-10% yeenkampani ezisebenzisa itekhnoloji yenqanaba lesibini, kwaye iinkampani ezizimeleyo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yenqanaba lesithathu. Akunzima ukubona ukuba phakathi kweenkampani zezixhobo zedayimane ezikhoyo e-China, iinkampani ezimbalwa ziyakwazi ngokupheleleyo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenkampani zisasebenzisa itekhnoloji yemveli kunye neyasemva.

Okwesibini lukhuphiswano olukhohlakeleyo. Izixhobo zedayimani zisetyenziswa kwaye zifunwa kakhulu kwimarike. Ngokobuchwephesha bangoku bokuvelisa izixhobo zedayimani kwinqanaba lokuqala, kulula ukuqalisa ishishini elitsha lesixhobo sedayimane. Ngexesha elifutshane, kukho phantse iwaka leenkampani ezivelisa izixhobo zedayimani eChina. Thatha i-105mm yedayimane isarha yesarha esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengomzekelo, ibakala lemveliso 'liphezulu', ixabiso lomzi-mveliso wangaphambili lingaphezulu kwe-yuan eyi-18, libalelwa malunga ne-10%; umgangatho wemveliso 'usemgangathweni', ixabiso lemveliso yangaphambili limalunga ne-12 yuan, libalelwa malunga ne-50%; Umgangatho wemveliso "uqoqosho", ixabiso le-ex-factory limalunga ne-8 yuan, libalelwa malunga ne-40%. Ezi ntlobo zintathu zeemveliso zibalwa ngokomndilili weendleko zentlalo. Umda wengeniso yeemveliso 'ezikumgangatho ophezulu' ungafikelela ngaphezulu kwe-30%, kwaye umda wengeniso yeemveliso 'ezisemgangathweni' unokufikelela kwi-5-10%. Amaxabiso emizi-mveliso yangaphambili amashishini angaphantsi kwe-8 yuan, kwaye aphantsi nangaphantsi kwe-4 yuan.

Ekubeni iteknoloji eninzi yeenkampani ikwinqanaba lenqanaba lokuqala, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso ufana, ukubamba isabelo semarike, kufuneka balwele izixhobo kunye namaxabiso. Uyandibamba, kwaye amaxabiso emveliso athotyiwe. Iimveliso ezinjalo zithunyelwa ngaphandle ngobuninzi obukhulu. Akumangalisi ukuba abanye bathi iimveliso zaseTshayina 'ziyinkunkuma'. Ngaphandle kokutshintsha le meko, kunzima ukuphepha iingxabano zorhwebo. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani ezivelisa iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphantsi nazo zijongene nomngeni wokuxabisa iRMB.

Thatha indlela yomgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.

China imveliso yonyaka kunye neentengiso amashumi eebhiliyoni yuan izixhobo idayimani kudla malunga 100,000 iitoni zentsimbi, isinyithi non-ayoni, 400 ezigidi zeegram idayimani, 600 million kWh ombane, iitoni 110,000 zokupakisha, iitoni 52,000 iitoni zokugaya iitoni ezi-3,50, kunye neetoni zokugawula iitoni ezi-3,50. Iimveliso eziveliswayo ngoku uninzi lweemveliso eziphakathi nezisezantsi. Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zamazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, kukho umsantsa omkhulu. Umzekelo, i-105mm yedayimane iblade yesarha, icwecwe legranite eliyi-20mm elityebileyo eliphakathi, elisikwe ngama-40m ubude. Ukusebenza kokusika kweemveliso kumazwe aphuhlileyo kunokufikelela kwi-1.0 ~ 1.2m ngomzuzu. Izilayi ze-China's'standard' ziyakwazi ukunqunyulwa i-40m ubude ngaphandle kwamandla, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kweemveliso ezilungileyo kunokufikelela kwi-0.5 ~ 0.6m ngomzuzu, kwaye iziqwenga ze-'economic 'zinokunqunyulwa ngaphantsi kwe-40m andinakukwazi ukuyihambisa kwakhona, umyinge osebenzayo ngomzuzu ungaphantsi kwe-0.3m. Kwaye iziqwenga zethu ezimbalwa "eziphezulu", ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kunokufikelela kwi-1.0 ~ 1.5m ngomzuzu. I-China ngoku iyakwazi ukuvelisa izixhobo zedayimani ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokusebenza kakuhle kokusika kwaye zinokugcina amandla amaninzi kunye neeyure zabantu xa zisetyenziswa. Iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zingasetyenziswa kwaye zibe nobomi obude benkonzo. I-saw blade enye "yomgangatho ophezulu" ingaba phezulu kwi-3 ukuya kwi-4 "i-standard" okanye "i-economic" blades. Ukuba idayimani isarha iincakuba eziveliswe eTshayina zilawulwa kwinqanaba of 'umgangatho ophezulu' iiblades, ingeniso yokuthengisa yonyaka omnye iya kwanda kuphela, hayi ukuncipha, kwaye ubuncinane 50% yezibonelelo zingagcinwa (intsimbi, non-ayoni metals 50,000 iitoni, umbane million 300 Degree, 55,000 iitoni zokupakisha, 00000 to6 izinto zokupakisha, 002ns, 002, 002, 002, 000 I-1,750 yeetoni zepeyinti). Kwakhona kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kothuli kwivili lokusila kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi yepeyinti, kunye nokunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.